C++11: Fixed Width Integer Macro Constants

C++11 added fixed width integer macro constants. Here is an example:

#include <cstdint>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  cout <<      INT8_MIN  << " "  ; // -128
  cout <<      INT16_MIN << " "  ; // -32768
  cout <<      INT32_MIN << " "  ; // -2147483648
  cout <<      INT64_MIN << "\n "; // -9223372036854775808
  cout << (int)INT8_MAX  << "  " ; // 127: Without cast, output was a symbol.
  cout <<      INT16_MAX << "  " ; // 32767
  cout <<      INT32_MAX << "  " ; // 2147483647
  cout <<      INT64_MAX << "  " ; // 9223372036854775807
  cout << endl;
  return 0;
}
// Output:
//    -128 -32768 -2147483648 -9223372036854775808
//     127  32767  2147483647  9223372036854775807

Reference: http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/integer