Declarations

The following are all parts of a declaration: specifier, base type, declarator, and initializer.

The format of a declaration is:
[specifier] <base type> <declarator> [initializer];

An example of a declaration with all of the parts is:
    const int i = 9;
Where
    'const' is a specifier
    'int' is the base type
    'i' is the declarator
    '= 9' is the initializer
Notes:
    1. The declarator is the name of the object, type or function
      that is introduced into a scope by the declaration.
    2. The following are examples of specifiers:
      {extern, static, mutable, auto, register} -- Storage Class Specifiers
    {virtual, inline, explicit} -- Function Specifiers
    {const, volatile} -- cv-qualifiers (also Type Specifiers)
    {struct, class, union, typename} -- Class Specifiers
    {long, long long, short, signed, unsigned} -- Type Specifiers
    {enum} -- enum Specifier
    {private, public, protected} -- Access Specifiers
    friend, inline, typedef
    template

References:
The C++ Programming Language by Bjarne Stroustrup. Addison-Wesley, 2000. Section: 4.9.1
http://www.kuzbass.ru/docs/isocpp/dcl.html